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Machine Learning Algorithms

Machine Learning Algorithms

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Machine Learning Algorithms

Machine Learning Algorithms

Overview of this book

Machine learning has gained tremendous popularity for its powerful and fast predictions with large datasets. However, the true forces behind its powerful output are the complex algorithms involving substantial statistical analysis that churn large datasets and generate substantial insight. This second edition of Machine Learning Algorithms walks you through prominent development outcomes that have taken place relating to machine learning algorithms, which constitute major contributions to the machine learning process and help you to strengthen and master statistical interpretation across the areas of supervised, semi-supervised, and reinforcement learning. Once the core concepts of an algorithm have been covered, you’ll explore real-world examples based on the most diffused libraries, such as scikit-learn, NLTK, TensorFlow, and Keras. You will discover new topics such as principal component analysis (PCA), independent component analysis (ICA), Bayesian regression, discriminant analysis, advanced clustering, and gaussian mixture. By the end of this book, you will have studied machine learning algorithms and be able to put them into production to make your machine learning applications more innovative.
Table of Contents (24 chapters)
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Title Page
Dedication
Packt Upsell
Contributors
Preface
Index

Elements of information theory


A machine learning problem can also be analyzed in terms of information transfer or exchange. Our dataset is composed of n features, which are considered independent (for simplicity, even if it's often a realistic assumption) and drawn from n different statistical distributions. Therefore, there are n probability density functions pi(x) which must be approximated through other nqi(x) functions. In any machine learning task, it's very important to understand how two corresponding distributions diverge and what the amount of information we lose is when approximating the original dataset.

Entropy

The most useful measure in information theory (as well as in machine learning) is called entropy:

This value is proportional to the uncertainty of X and is measured in bits (if the logarithm has another base, this unit can change too). For many purposes, a high entropy is preferable, because it means that a certain feature contains more information. For example, in tossing...

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