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Machine Learning Algorithms

Machine Learning Algorithms

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Machine Learning Algorithms

Machine Learning Algorithms

Overview of this book

Machine learning has gained tremendous popularity for its powerful and fast predictions with large datasets. However, the true forces behind its powerful output are the complex algorithms involving substantial statistical analysis that churn large datasets and generate substantial insight. This second edition of Machine Learning Algorithms walks you through prominent development outcomes that have taken place relating to machine learning algorithms, which constitute major contributions to the machine learning process and help you to strengthen and master statistical interpretation across the areas of supervised, semi-supervised, and reinforcement learning. Once the core concepts of an algorithm have been covered, you’ll explore real-world examples based on the most diffused libraries, such as scikit-learn, NLTK, TensorFlow, and Keras. You will discover new topics such as principal component analysis (PCA), independent component analysis (ICA), Bayesian regression, discriminant analysis, advanced clustering, and gaussian mixture. By the end of this book, you will have studied machine learning algorithms and be able to put them into production to make your machine learning applications more innovative.
Table of Contents (24 chapters)
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Title Page
Dedication
Packt Upsell
Contributors
Preface
Index

Ridge, Lasso, and ElasticNet


In this section, we are going to analyze the most common regularization methods and how they can impact the performance of a linear regressor. In real-life scenarios, it's very common to work with dirty datasets, containing outliers, inter-dependent features, and different sensitivity to noise. These methods can help the data scientist mitigate the problems, yielding more effective and accurate solutions.

Ridge

Ridge regression (also known as Tikhonov regularization) imposes an additional shrinkage penalty to the ordinary least squares cost function to limit its squared L2 norm:

X is a matrix containing all samples as rows and the term θ represents the weight vector. The additional term (through the alpha coefficient—if large it implies a stronger regularization and smaller values) forces the loss function to disallow an infinite growth of w, which can be caused by multicollinearity or ill-conditioning.

In the following diagram, there's a representation of what happens...

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